Dimensions of 4d sphere series#

In order to show how our theory can be operationalized, we also provide an appendix as supporting information for technical readers. The final section discusses how a brain hypersphere could lead to novel approaches to organized brain models, improving our understanding of cortical functions and paving the way to innovative research strategies. Section four, taking into account suggestions from recent papers, will provide quantitative methods for an experimental assessment of our hypothesis, which could be of use to researchers that investigate network connectivity. Sections two and three will aim to enclose the concept of the 3-sphere in the framework of brain activity, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of our theory and to sketch a four-dimensional brain model in a way that is empirically testable. Because this method of investigation of the laws of biology diverges from what was previously familiar, we prefer to use a language addressed to a broad interdisciplinary audience which encompasses experts from different fields (neuroscientists, medical doctors, biologists, epistemologists). The very first section will be devoted to give as simple as possible explanations of concepts from the far-flung branch of topology. This essay comprises five sections and an appendix organized as follows. We will discuss how thoughts follow constrained, donut-like trajectories along preferential functional railways embedded in the very structure of the human brain connectome. In particular, we hypothesize that brain activity is shaped in guise of a “3-sphere” which performs 4D movements on the cortical layers, giving rise to a functional “Clifford torus” where mental operations might take place. This review, based on recent findings, introduces the concept of a spatial fourth dimension, where brain functions might take place, as a general device underlying our thoughts’ dynamics.

General theories are thus needed to further improving our knowledge of central nervous system activity. Such “dynamical systems” theories lack however an explanation of the possible physiological mechanisms underlying brain activity.

2013 Zare and Grigolini 2013 Fraiman and Chialvo 2012 Deco and Jirsa 2012). 2013), a sort of functional linens equipped with peaks, valleys and basins made of free-energy, where thoughts move, following erratic and/or constrained trajectories (Afraimovich et al. How do thoughts flow in the brain? Current advances in neuroscience emphasize the role of energetic landscapes (Watanabe et al. Our suggestion-substantiated by recent findings-that brain activity takes place on a closed, donut-like trajectory helps to solve long-standing mysteries concerning our psychological activities, such as mind-wandering, memory retrieval, consciousness and dreaming state. Indeed, there is a typical feature which reveal the existence of a functional hypersphere: the simultaneous activation of areas opposite each other on the 3D cortical surface.

Dimensions of 4d sphere series#

Neuroimaging fMRI series can be evaluated, looking for the topological hallmark of the presence of a fourth dimension.

Here we hypothesize that brain functions are embedded in a imperceptible fourth spatial dimension and propose a method to empirically assess its presence. the unique ability to connect past, present and future events in a single, coherent picture as if we were allowed to watch the three screens of past-present-future “glued” together in a mental kaleidoscope. Our thoughts exhibit similar behaviour, i.e. The torus may be compared with a video game with biplanes in aerial combat: when a biplane flies off one edge of gaming display, it does not crash but rather it comes back from the opposite edge of the screen. From topology, a strong concept comes into play in understanding brain functions, namely, the 4D space of a “hypersphere’s torus”, undetectable by observers living in a 3D world. Current advances in neurosciences deal with the functional architecture of the central nervous system, paving the way for general theories that improve our understanding of brain activity.