The genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, or early birds and night owls.

the environment the person lives in, except for the patterns of light they are exposed to through seasonal changes as well as through lifestyle (such as spending the day indoors and using electric lights in the evening).

the person's age, with teenagers and young adults tending to be night owls more than young children or elderly people, and.

a genetic predisposition, which can cause the tendency to run in families,.

An individual's own tendency can change over time and is influenced by multiple factors, including: The tendency to be a night owl exists on a spectrum, with most people being typical, some people having a small or moderate tendency to be a night owl, and a few having an extreme tendency to be a night owl. A study done in 2013 suggests that they also more commonly possess dark triad traits. Night-owls are more likely to be single than in long-term relationships. The night-owl pattern is more prevalent in men than in women. Morning light therapy may be helpful in shifting sleep rhythms for the night owl. Some night owls with great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep phase disorder. However, they lag behind larks in academic performance, and they tend to have unhealthier eating habits, as well as higher rates of smoking. A study among 1,000 adolescents by the University of Madrid found that night owls scored higher than early birds on inductive reasoning tests, which often serve as a proxy for intelligence. Some research has found that night owls are more intelligent and creative and more likely to get high-paying jobs than larks, or morning persons. Employers, however, have begun to learn to increase productivity by respecting body clocks through flexible working hours, while the Danish 'B-Society' of night owls and the American Start School Later movement lobby advocate for more school and workplace flexibility for the post-agricultural world. Night owls have often been blamed for unpunctuality or attitude problems. Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard daytime working hours. Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift. Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight, and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or even after dawn. Most owls sleep during the day and hunt for food at night. The term is derived from nocturnal habits of owls.

Etymology Owls, like this long-eared owl in Poland, are often nocturnal. The introduction of chocolate, coffee and tea, and cafes that stayed open through dawn, became part of the new culture. While staying up after dark was considered a negative trait, this changed in 17th and 18th century Europe (and subsequently spread beyond) due to the development and implementation of artificial lighting: more domestic lights, added street lighting, and adaptation by the royal and upper social classes. Others may face challenges due to externally fixed schedules associated with their places of work or education. However, many night owls do not consider their habits a disorder, and adapt their lifestyle accordingly some choose to work in the evening or overnight. Involuntary and unwanted inability to fall asleep at an ordinary time may be diagnosed as delayed sleep phase disorder. In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, one who stays up late is called a B-person, in contrast to an early riser being called an A-person. Researchers traditionally use the terms morningness and eveningness for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior. The opposite of a night owl is an early bird – a lark as opposed to an owl – which is someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early. 1630) by Matthias StomĪ night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends or prefers to be active late at night and into the early morning, and to sleep and wake up later than is considered normal night owls often work or engage in recreational activities late into the night (in some cases, until around dawn), and sleep until relatively late in the day. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī Young Man Reading by Candlelight (c. ( May 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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